How to Automate Web Testing with Selenium Webdriver and C#
Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf
Welcome to this Selenium Webdriver tutorial for beginners. In this article, you will learn how to use Selenium Webdriver with C# to automate web testing. You will also learn some of the most useful features and advanced topics of Selenium Webdriver. By the end of this article, you will be able to write your own test scripts and run them on different browsers.
Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf
What is Selenium Webdriver?
Selenium Webdriver is a popular open-source tool for automating web testing. It allows you to interact with web elements and perform actions such as clicking, typing, scrolling, dragging and dropping, etc. Selenium Webdriver supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, Ruby, C#, etc. It also supports multiple browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, etc.
What is C#?
C# is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. It is widely used for developing web applications, desktop applications, mobile applications, games, etc. C# has a simple and expressive syntax that makes it easy to learn and use. C# also has a rich set of libraries and frameworks that provide various functionalities and features.
Why use Selenium Webdriver with C#?
There are many reasons why you might want to use Selenium Webdriver with C#. Some of them are:
C# is a powerful and versatile programming language that can handle complex logic and scenarios.
C# has a strong support from Microsoft and the .NET community, which means you can find many resources and help online.
C# integrates well with Visual Studio, which is a powerful and user-friendly IDE that provides many features such as code completion, debugging, testing, etc.
C# works well with NUnit, which is a popular testing framework that provides many features such as assertions, annotations, reporting, etc.
Setting up the environment
Before you can start writing your test scripts, you need to set up the environment for Selenium Webdriver and C#. You will need the following tools:
Visual Studio: This is the IDE that you will use to write and run your test scripts. You can download the latest version of Visual Studio from here. You can choose any edition of Visual Studio, but make sure you select the .NET desktop development workload during installation.
Selenium Webdriver: This is the tool that you will use to automate web testing. You can download the latest version of Selenium Webdriver from here. You will need to download the WebDriver language bindings for C# and the WebDriver binaries for the browsers that you want to test on.
NUnit: This is the testing framework that you will use to write and run your test scripts. You can download the latest version of NUnit from here. You will need to install both the NUnit framework and the NUnit console runner.
Installing Visual Studio
To install Visual Studio, follow these steps:
Go to https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/ and click on the Download button for the edition that you want.
Run the installer and follow the instructions on the screen.
When prompted to select the workloads, make sure you select the .NET desktop development workload. You can also select any other workloads that you need.
Click on Install and wait for the installation to complete.
Launch Visual Studio and sign in with your Microsoft account.
Installing Selenium Webdriver
To install Selenium Webdriver, follow these steps:
Go to https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/ and scroll down to the WebDriver language bindings section.
Click on the Download link for C# and save the zip file to your computer.
Extract the zip file to a folder of your choice.
Go to the WebDriver binaries section and click on the Download link for the browser that you want to test on. For example, if you want to test on Chrome, click on the Download link for ChromeDriver.
Save the executable file to a folder of your choice. You can also create a separate folder for each browser driver.
Add the folder(s) where you saved the browser driver(s) to your system PATH environment variable. This will allow Selenium Webdriver to find and launch the browser driver(s) when you run your test scripts.
Installing NUnit
To install NUnit, follow these steps:
Go to https://nunit.org/download/ and scroll down to the NUnit framework section.
Click on the Download link for NUnit 3 and save the zip file to your computer.
Extract the zip file to a folder of your choice.
Go to the NUnit console runner section and click on the Download link for NUnit Console 3 and save the zip file to your computer.
Extract the zip file to a folder of your choice.
Add the folder where you extracted the NUnit console runner to your system PATH environment variable. This will allow you to run your test scripts from the command line using NUnit.
Writing your first test
Now that you have set up the environment, you are ready to write your first test script using Selenium Webdriver and C#. In this section, you will learn how to create a new project, add references, write the test code, and run the test.
Creating a new project
To create a new project, follow these steps:
Launch Visual Studio and click on Create a new project.
In the Create a new project window, search for C# Console App (.NET Framework) and select it. Then click on Next.
In the Configure your new project window, enter a name for your project, such as SeleniumWebdriverTutorial. You can also change the location and solution name if you want. Then click on Create.
You should see a new project created with a Program.cs file that contains some default code. You can delete or comment out this code as you won't need it for this tutorial.
Adding references
To add references, follow these steps:
In the Solution Explorer window, right-click on References and select Add Reference.
In the Reference Manager window, click on Browse and navigate to the folder where you extracted the Selenium Webdriver language bindings for C#.
Select all the DLL files in that folder and click on Add. Then click on OK. You should see these DLL files added under References in the Solution Explorer window.
In the Solution Explorer window, right-click on References again and select Manage NuGet Packages.
In the NuGet Package Manager window, click on Browse and search for NUnit. Then select NUnit from the list and click on Install. Accept any license agreements if prompted. You should see NUnit added under References in the Solution Explorer window.
Writing the test code
To write the test code, follow these steps:
In the Solution Explorer window, right-click on your project name and select Add > New Item.
In the Add New Item window, search for Class and select it. Then enter a name for your class, such as TestClass.cs. Then click on Add.
You should see a new class file created with some default code. You can delete or comment out this code as you won't need it for this tutorial.
In the TestClass.cs file, add the following using statements at the top:
using System; using NUnit.Framework; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
These statements will allow you to use the classes and methods from the NUnit and Selenium Webdriver libraries.
Next, add the following attribute above the class declaration:
[TestFixture]
This attribute will mark your class as a test fixture that contains test methods.
Next, add the following fields inside the class:
private IWebDriver driver; private string baseUrl;
These fields will store the reference to the web driver and the base URL that you will use for your tests.
Next, add the following method inside the class:
[SetUp] public void SetUp() driver = new ChromeDriver(); baseUrl = "https://www.google.com"; driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
This method will run before each test and initialize the web driver and the base URL. The [SetUp] attribute will mark this method as a setup method. The ChromeDriver() constructor will create a new instance of the Chrome web driver. The driver.Manage().Window.Maximize() method will maximize the browser window.
Next, add the following method inside the class:
[TearDown] public void TearDown() driver.Quit();
This method will run after each test and quit the web driver. The [TearDown] attribute will mark this method as a teardown method. The driver.Quit() method will close all the browser windows and end the session.
Next, add the following method inside the class:
[Test] public void GoogleSearchTest() driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(baseUrl); IWebElement searchBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("q")); searchBox.SendKeys("Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf"); searchBox.Submit(); Assert.IsTrue(driver.Title.Contains("Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf"));
This method will be your first test case. The [Test] attribute will mark this method as a test method. The driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(baseUrl) method will navigate to the base URL. The driver.FindElement(By.Name("q")) method will find the element with the name attribute "q", which is the search box on Google. The searchBox.SendKeys("Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf") method will type "Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf" into the search box. The searchBox.Submit() method will submit the search form. The Assert.IsTrue(driver.Title.Contains("Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf")) method will verify that the title of the page contains "Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf".
Running the test
To run the test, follow these steps:
In Visual Studio, click on Build > Build Solution to compile your project.
In Visual Studio, click on Test > Run All Tests to run your test script.
You should see a Test Explorer window that shows the result of your test. If your test passes, you should see a green check mark next to it. If your test fails, you should see a red cross mark next to it.
You can also view more details about your test by clicking on it in the Test Explorer window. You can see the output, error message, stack trace, etc.
Exploring Selenium Webdriver features
In this section, you will learn some of the most useful features of Selenium Webdriver that can help you write more robust and efficient test scripts. You will learn how to locate elements, perform actions, handle alerts and pop-ups, and take screenshots.
Locating elements
One of the most important tasks in web testing is locating elements on a web page. Selenium Webdriver provides various methods and classes to help you find elements using different criteria such as id, name, class name, tag name, link text, partial link text, CSS selector, XPath, etc. You can use these methods and classes with the driver.FindElement() or driver.FindElements() methods to return a single element or a list of elements, respectively.
For example, suppose you want to find the element with the id attribute "logo" on Google. You can use the following code:
IWebElement logo = driver.FindElement(By.Id("logo"));
Or, suppose you want to find all the elements with the tag name "a" on Google. You can use the following code:
IList<IWebElement> links = driver.FindElements(By.TagName("a"));
You can also use the FindElement() or FindElements() methods on an existing element to find elements within that element. For example, suppose you want to find the element with the link text "Images" within the element with the id attribute "hdtb-msb". You can use the following code:
IWebElement menu = driver.FindElement(By.Id("hdtb-msb")); IWebElement imagesLink = menu.FindElement(By.LinkText("Images"));
You can also use the driver.FindElementByXXX() or driver.FindElementsByXXX() methods to directly find elements using a specific criterion. For example, you can use the following code to find the element with the name attribute "q" on Google:
IWebElement searchBox = driver.FindElementByName("q");
Performing actions
Another important task in web testing is performing actions on elements such as clicking, typing, scrolling, dragging and dropping, etc. Selenium Webdriver provides various methods and classes to help you perform these actions. You can use these methods and classes with the element object that you have located using the driver.FindElement() or driver.FindElements() methods.
For example, suppose you want to type "Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf" into the search box and submit the form on Google. You can use the following code:
IWebElement searchBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("q")); searchBox.SendKeys("Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf"); searchBox.Submit();
Or, suppose you want to click on the element with the link text "Images" on Google. You can use the following code:
IWebElement imagesLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("Images")); imagesLink.Click();
You can also use the Actions class to perform more complex actions such as mouse movements, keyboard events, drag and drop, etc. For example, suppose you want to drag and drop an element from one location to another on a web page. You can use the following code:
Actions actions = new Actions(driver); IWebElement source = driver.FindElement(By.Id("source")); IWebElement target = driver.FindElement(By.Id("target")); actions.DragAndDrop(source, target).Perform();
Handling alerts and pop-ups
Sometimes, you may encounter alerts and pop-ups on a web page that require your attention or interaction. Selenium Webdriver provides various methods and classes to help you handle these alerts and pop-ups. You can use these methods and classes with the driver.SwitchTo() method to switch to the alert or pop-up window and perform actions such as accepting, dismissing, typing, etc.
For example, suppose you encounter an alert that says "Are you sure you want to do this?" and has two buttons: OK and Cancel. You can use the following code to accept or dismiss the alert:
IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); alert.Accept(); //clicks OK alert.Dismiss(); //clicks Cancel
Or, suppose you encounter a pop-up window that asks for your name and has a text box and a button. You can use the following code to type your name and click on the button:
string parentWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //stores the handle of the parent window driver.SwitchTo().Window(driver.WindowHandles.Last()); //switches to the last opened window IWebElement nameBox = driver.FindElement(By.Id("name")); nameBox.SendKeys("John Doe"); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id("submit")); submitButton.Click(); driver.SwitchTo().Window(parentWindow); //switches back to the parent window
Taking screenshots
Sometimes, you may want to take screenshots of a web page or an element for verification or debugging purposes. Selenium Webdriver provides various methods and classes to help you take screenshots and save them as image files. You can use these methods and classes with the driver object or the element object that you have located using the driver.FindElement() or driver.FindElements() methods.
For example, suppose you want to take a screenshot of the entire web page on Google. You can use the following code:
ITakesScreenshot screenshotDriver = driver as ITakesScreenshot; Screenshot screenshot = screenshotDriver.GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile("google.png", ScreenshotImageFormat.Png);
Or, suppose you want to take a screenshot of the element with the id attribute "logo" on Google. You can use the following code:
IWebElement logo = driver.FindElement(By.Id("logo")); ITakesScreenshot screenshotElement = logo as ITakesScreenshot; Screenshot screenshot = screenshotElement.GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile("logo.png", ScreenshotImageFormat.Png);
Advanced topics
In this section, you will learn some of the advanced topics of Selenium Webdriver that can help you write more modular and scalable test scripts. You will learn how to use the Page Object Model, data-driven testing, and parallel testing.
Page Object Model
The Page Object Model is a design pattern that helps you organize your test scripts in a more maintainable and reusable way. The idea is to create a separate class for each web page or component that you want to test, and define the elements and methods related to that page or component in that class. Then, you can use these classes in your test scripts to interact with the web pages or components without directly using the Selenium Webdriver methods.
For example, suppose you want to test the Google search page. You can create a class called GoogleSearchPage that represents the web page and contains the elements and methods related to it. You can use the following code:
using OpenQA.Selenium; namespace SeleniumWebdriverTutorial public class GoogleSearchPage private IWebDriver driver; private IWebElement searchBox; private IWebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(IWebDriver driver) this.driver = driver; searchBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("q")); searchButton = driver.FindElement(By.Name("btnK")); public void GoTo() driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.google.com"); public void Search(string keyword) searchBox.SendKeys(keyword); searchButton.Click();
Then, you can use this class in your test script to perform actions on the Google search page. You can use the following code:
using NUnit.Framework; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SeleniumWebdriverTutorial [TestFixture] public class TestClass private IWebDriver driver; private GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage; [SetUp] public void SetUp() driver = new ChromeDriver(); googleSearchPage = new GoogleSearchPage(driver); [TearDown] public void TearDown() driver.Quit(); [Test] public void GoogleSearchTest() googleSearchPage.GoTo(); googleSearchPage.Search("Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf"); Assert.IsTrue(driver.Title.Contains("Selenium Webdriver Tutorial C Pdf"));
The advantage of using the Page Object Model is that you can isolate the logic of your test scripts from the details of the web pages or components. This makes your test script